Thaddeus Kosciuszko. a military engineer under George Washington. and Haym Solomon. a major financier of the war. The Poles military roles increased as their population did: Brig. Gen. Wlodzmierz Krzyzanowski and Brig. Gen. Col. Jozef Karge were only 2 of the 6.000 Poles that served during the Civil War on both sides. The Civil War represented not only increased participation by Poles in the American military. but the turning point in their immigration to the United States. Between 1870 and the close of World War I. 2.5 million Poles arrived in America. Most immediately went to Polish communities already established in the Northeast and upper Midwest.
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immigration