Target Group

Refugees

26,364 mentions across 75 congressional sessions

Partisan sentiment over time

Share of refugees mentions by sentiment, per session — stratified by party

Partisan stereotyping rate

Share of refugees mentions flagged as stereotyping, stratified by party

Framing categories over time

Share of refugees mentions by rhetorical framing, per congressional session

Humanitarian Legal / procedural Victim Security threat Economic contributor Economic threat

Mentions over time

Refugees mentions per 1,000 speeches analyzed, per session — stacked by party

Geographic distribution

Total refugees mentions by state, 1873–2025

All mentions

Every classified paragraph mentioning refugees across all sessions (26,364 total)

Filter:
Text excerpt Session Classification Framing Speaker