Not Like Us
Overview
Groups
Primary Groups
Immigrants General
(61,456)
Refugees
(26,364)
Undocumented Immigrants
(24,742)
Specific Other
(15,367)
Jewish
(9,798)
Naturalized Citizens
(4,730)
Chinese
(3,964)
Mexican
(3,212)
Asian
(1,959)
European
(1,765)
Italian
(1,620)
Latin American
(1,577)
Irish
(1,237)
Polish
(960)
German
(936)
African
(308)
Middle Eastern
(275)
Slavic
(230)
Subgroups
Soviet Jew
(4,972)
Cuban
(1,602)
Dreamer
(1,473)
Haitian
(931)
Armenian
(930)
Vietnamese
(819)
Japanese
(803)
Lithuanian
(766)
Hispanic
(725)
Afghan
(597)
Syrian
(520)
Greek
(491)
Arab
(464)
Hungarian
(461)
Greek Cypriot
(448)
Ukrainian
(400)
Palestinian
(376)
Cambodian
(350)
Indochinese
(341)
Filipino
(340)
Salvadoran
(290)
Iraqi
(254)
Russian
(222)
Korean
(193)
Baltic
(181)
Hmong
(174)
Nicaraguan
(170)
Kurdish
(162)
Romanian
(157)
Lebanese
(140)
North Korean
(139)
Indian
(131)
Estonian
(128)
Iranian
(124)
Puerto Rican
(124)
Venezuelan
(124)
Portuguese
(113)
Syrian Jew
(111)
South Vietnamese
(109)
Liberian
(108)
Muslim
(108)
Kosovar
(104)
Norwegian
(99)
Bosnian
(96)
Burmese
(89)
Southeast Asian
(87)
Sudanese
(86)
Tibetan
(83)
Asian Pacific
(81)
Canadian
(77)
Ethiopian Jew
(77)
Somali
(66)
Catholic
(59)
Guatemalan
(57)
Framing
Legal / procedural
(91,251)
Humanitarian
(47,828)
Economic contributor
(25,398)
Security threat
(22,599)
Victim
(21,777)
Economic threat
(20,945)
Cultural enrichment
(9,497)
Family values
(9,239)
Criminal
(9,020)
Cultural threat
(4,151)
Sessions
#43 · 1873–75
(276)
#44 · 1875–77
(254)
#45 · 1877–79
(371)
#46 · 1879–81
(464)
#47 · 1881–83
(996)
#48 · 1883–85
(390)
#49 · 1885–87
(290)
#50 · 1887–89
(906)
#51 · 1889–91
(738)
#52 · 1891–93
(487)
#53 · 1893–95
(917)
#54 · 1895–97
(593)
#55 · 1897–99
(538)
#56 · 1899–1901
(364)
#57 · 1901–03
(956)
#58 · 1903–05
(302)
#59 · 1905–07
(1,072)
#60 · 1907–09
(487)
#61 · 1909–11
(529)
#62 · 1911–13
(1,146)
#63 · 1913–15
(1,859)
#64 · 1915–17
(1,164)
#65 · 1917–19
(680)
#66 · 1919–21
(1,225)
#67 · 1921–23
(1,151)
#68 · 1923–25
(1,840)
#69 · 1925–27
(635)
#70 · 1927–29
(672)
#71 · 1929–31
(1,438)
#72 · 1931–33
(581)
#73 · 1933–35
(344)
#74 · 1935–37
(777)
#75 · 1937–39
(615)
#76 · 1939–41
(1,261)
#77 · 1941–43
(584)
#78 · 1943–45
(794)
#79 · 1945–47
(732)
#80 · 1947–49
(1,077)
#81 · 1949–51
(1,755)
#82 · 1951–53
(1,689)
#83 · 1953–55
(1,641)
#84 · 1955–57
(1,708)
#85 · 1957–59
(1,820)
#86 · 1959–61
(1,545)
#87 · 1961–63
(2,336)
#88 · 1963–65
(2,059)
#89 · 1965–67
(3,161)
#90 · 1967–69
(1,787)
#91 · 1969–71
(1,792)
#92 · 1971–73
(2,776)
#93 · 1973–75
(2,774)
#94 · 1975–77
(3,086)
#95 · 1977–79
(2,721)
#96 · 1979–81
(3,989)
#97 · 1981–83
(4,175)
#98 · 1983–85
(4,887)
#99 · 1985–87
(5,354)
#100 · 1987–89
(4,367)
#101 · 1989–91
(4,111)
#102 · 1991–93
(3,660)
#103 · 1993–95
(4,209)
#104 · 1995–97
(4,940)
#105 · 1997–99
(3,732)
#106 · 1999–2001
(3,976)
#107 · 2001–03
(3,933)
#108 · 2003–05
(4,003)
#109 · 2005–07
(7,964)
#110 · 2007–09
(6,134)
#111 · 2009–11
(3,741)
#112 · 2011–13
(2,900)
#113 · 2013–15
(6,775)
#114 · 2015–17
(4,334)
#115 · 2017–19
(5,797)
#116 · 2019–21
(4,468)
#117 · 2021–23
(4,025)
#118 · 2023–25
(5,213)
Speakers
Narratives
States
Alabama
(3,760)
Alaska
(378)
American Samoa
(74)
Arizona
(2,729)
Arkansas
(815)
California
(13,255)
Colorado
(3,292)
Connecticut
(2,166)
Delaware
(777)
District of Columbia
(91)
Florida
(5,115)
Georgia
(2,255)
Guam
(150)
Hawaii
(1,141)
Idaho
(911)
Illinois
(7,813)
Indiana
(1,829)
Iowa
(3,082)
Kansas
(1,441)
Kentucky
(2,186)
Louisiana
(1,479)
Maine
(866)
Maryland
(2,484)
Massachusetts
(6,706)
Michigan
(3,502)
Minnesota
(3,036)
Mississippi
(1,472)
Missouri
(1,897)
Montana
(695)
Nebraska
(979)
Nevada
(1,790)
New Hampshire
(1,052)
New Jersey
(3,880)
New Mexico
(1,249)
New York
(12,775)
North Carolina
(2,171)
North Dakota
(1,049)
Ohio
(3,811)
Oklahoma
(1,167)
Oregon
(1,805)
Pennsylvania
(4,319)
Puerto Rico
(71)
Rhode Island
(1,258)
South Carolina
(1,456)
South Dakota
(948)
Tennessee
(2,003)
Texas
(10,502)
Utah
(1,745)
Vermont
(2,096)
Virgin Islands
(108)
Virginia
(1,659)
Washington
(2,095)
West Virginia
(1,376)
Wisconsin
(2,820)
Wyoming
(1,634)
About
Target Group
Bosnian
96 mentions across 12 congressional sessions
Includes mentions classified as:
bosnian immigrants
,
bosnian refugee
,
bosnian refugee children
,
bosnian refugees
,
bosnians
← All sessions
Partisan sentiment over time
Share of bosnian mentions by sentiment, per session — stratified by party
Smooth
Partisan stereotyping rate
Share of bosnian mentions flagged as stereotyping, stratified by party
Smooth
Framing categories over time
Share of bosnian mentions by rhetorical framing, per congressional session
All
Dem
Rep
Smooth
Humanitarian
Victim
Legal / procedural
Security threat
Economic contributor
Cultural enrichment
Mentions over time
Bosnian mentions per 1,000 speeches analyzed, per session — stacked by party
Geographic distribution
Total bosnian mentions by state, 1873–2025
All mentions
Every classified paragraph mentioning bosnian across all sessions (96 total)
Filter:
All sessions
#43 · 1873–75
#44 · 1875–77
#45 · 1877–79
#46 · 1879–81
#47 · 1881–83
#48 · 1883–85
#49 · 1885–87
#50 · 1887–89
#51 · 1889–91
#52 · 1891–93
#53 · 1893–95
#54 · 1895–97
#55 · 1897–99
#56 · 1899–1901
#57 · 1901–03
#58 · 1903–05
#59 · 1905–07
#60 · 1907–09
#61 · 1909–11
#62 · 1911–13
#63 · 1913–15
#64 · 1915–17
#65 · 1917–19
#66 · 1919–21
#67 · 1921–23
#68 · 1923–25
#69 · 1925–27
#70 · 1927–29
#71 · 1929–31
#72 · 1931–33
#73 · 1933–35
#74 · 1935–37
#75 · 1937–39
#76 · 1939–41
#77 · 1941–43
#78 · 1943–45
#79 · 1945–47
#80 · 1947–49
#81 · 1949–51
#82 · 1951–53
#83 · 1953–55
#84 · 1955–57
#85 · 1957–59
#86 · 1959–61
#87 · 1961–63
#88 · 1963–65
#89 · 1965–67
#90 · 1967–69
#91 · 1969–71
#92 · 1971–73
#93 · 1973–75
#94 · 1975–77
#95 · 1977–79
#96 · 1979–81
#97 · 1981–83
#98 · 1983–85
#99 · 1985–87
#100 · 1987–89
#101 · 1989–91
#102 · 1991–93
#103 · 1993–95
#104 · 1995–97
#105 · 1997–99
#106 · 1999–2001
#107 · 2001–03
#108 · 2003–05
#109 · 2005–07
#110 · 2007–09
#111 · 2009–11
#112 · 2011–13
#113 · 2013–15
#114 · 2015–17
#115 · 2017–19
#116 · 2019–21
#117 · 2021–23
#118 · 2023–25
All sentiments
Negative
Neutral
Positive
All parties
D
R
All
Stereotyping only
No stereotyping
All framings
Criminal
Cultural enrichment
Cultural threat
Economic contributor
Economic threat
Family values
Humanitarian
Legal / procedural
Other
Security threat
Victim
Text excerpt
Session
Classification
Framing
Speaker
No mentions match the current filters.
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