Target Group

Chinese

4,087 mentions across 76 congressional sessions

Partisan sentiment over time

Share of chinese mentions by sentiment, per session — stratified by party

Partisan stereotyping rate

Share of chinese mentions flagged as stereotyping, stratified by party

Framing categories over time

Share of chinese mentions by rhetorical framing, per congressional session

Legal / procedural Economic threat Cultural threat Humanitarian Security threat Economic contributor

Mentions over time

Chinese mentions per 1,000 speeches analyzed, per session — stacked by party

Geographic distribution

Total chinese mentions by state, 1873–2025

All mentions

Every classified paragraph mentioning chinese across all sessions (4,087 total)

Filter:
Text excerpt Session Classification Framing Speaker