Not Like Us
Overview
Groups
Primary Groups
Immigrants General
(61,456)
Refugees
(26,364)
Undocumented Immigrants
(24,742)
Specific Other
(15,367)
Jewish
(9,798)
Naturalized Citizens
(4,730)
Chinese
(3,964)
Mexican
(3,212)
Asian
(1,959)
European
(1,765)
Italian
(1,620)
Latin American
(1,577)
Irish
(1,237)
Polish
(960)
German
(936)
African
(308)
Middle Eastern
(275)
Slavic
(230)
Subgroups
Soviet Jew
(4,972)
Cuban
(1,602)
Dreamer
(1,473)
Haitian
(931)
Armenian
(930)
Vietnamese
(819)
Japanese
(803)
Lithuanian
(766)
Hispanic
(725)
Afghan
(597)
Syrian
(520)
Greek
(491)
Arab
(464)
Hungarian
(461)
Greek Cypriot
(448)
Ukrainian
(400)
Palestinian
(376)
Cambodian
(350)
Indochinese
(341)
Filipino
(340)
Salvadoran
(290)
Iraqi
(254)
Russian
(222)
Korean
(193)
Baltic
(181)
Hmong
(174)
Nicaraguan
(170)
Kurdish
(162)
Romanian
(157)
Lebanese
(140)
North Korean
(139)
Indian
(131)
Estonian
(128)
Iranian
(124)
Puerto Rican
(124)
Venezuelan
(124)
Portuguese
(113)
Syrian Jew
(111)
South Vietnamese
(109)
Liberian
(108)
Muslim
(108)
Kosovar
(104)
Norwegian
(99)
Bosnian
(96)
Burmese
(89)
Southeast Asian
(87)
Sudanese
(86)
Tibetan
(83)
Asian Pacific
(81)
Canadian
(77)
Ethiopian Jew
(77)
Somali
(66)
Catholic
(59)
Guatemalan
(57)
Framing
Legal / procedural
(91,251)
Humanitarian
(47,828)
Economic contributor
(25,398)
Security threat
(22,599)
Victim
(21,777)
Economic threat
(20,945)
Cultural enrichment
(9,497)
Family values
(9,239)
Criminal
(9,020)
Cultural threat
(4,151)
Sessions
#43 · 1873–75
(276)
#44 · 1875–77
(254)
#45 · 1877–79
(371)
#46 · 1879–81
(464)
#47 · 1881–83
(996)
#48 · 1883–85
(390)
#49 · 1885–87
(290)
#50 · 1887–89
(906)
#51 · 1889–91
(738)
#52 · 1891–93
(487)
#53 · 1893–95
(917)
#54 · 1895–97
(593)
#55 · 1897–99
(538)
#56 · 1899–1901
(364)
#57 · 1901–03
(956)
#58 · 1903–05
(302)
#59 · 1905–07
(1,072)
#60 · 1907–09
(487)
#61 · 1909–11
(529)
#62 · 1911–13
(1,146)
#63 · 1913–15
(1,859)
#64 · 1915–17
(1,164)
#65 · 1917–19
(680)
#66 · 1919–21
(1,225)
#67 · 1921–23
(1,151)
#68 · 1923–25
(1,840)
#69 · 1925–27
(635)
#70 · 1927–29
(672)
#71 · 1929–31
(1,438)
#72 · 1931–33
(581)
#73 · 1933–35
(344)
#74 · 1935–37
(777)
#75 · 1937–39
(615)
#76 · 1939–41
(1,261)
#77 · 1941–43
(584)
#78 · 1943–45
(794)
#79 · 1945–47
(732)
#80 · 1947–49
(1,077)
#81 · 1949–51
(1,755)
#82 · 1951–53
(1,689)
#83 · 1953–55
(1,641)
#84 · 1955–57
(1,708)
#85 · 1957–59
(1,820)
#86 · 1959–61
(1,545)
#87 · 1961–63
(2,336)
#88 · 1963–65
(2,059)
#89 · 1965–67
(3,161)
#90 · 1967–69
(1,787)
#91 · 1969–71
(1,792)
#92 · 1971–73
(2,776)
#93 · 1973–75
(2,774)
#94 · 1975–77
(3,086)
#95 · 1977–79
(2,721)
#96 · 1979–81
(3,989)
#97 · 1981–83
(4,175)
#98 · 1983–85
(4,887)
#99 · 1985–87
(5,354)
#100 · 1987–89
(4,367)
#101 · 1989–91
(4,111)
#102 · 1991–93
(3,660)
#103 · 1993–95
(4,209)
#104 · 1995–97
(4,940)
#105 · 1997–99
(3,732)
#106 · 1999–2001
(3,976)
#107 · 2001–03
(3,933)
#108 · 2003–05
(4,003)
#109 · 2005–07
(7,964)
#110 · 2007–09
(6,134)
#111 · 2009–11
(3,741)
#112 · 2011–13
(2,900)
#113 · 2013–15
(6,775)
#114 · 2015–17
(4,334)
#115 · 2017–19
(5,797)
#116 · 2019–21
(4,468)
#117 · 2021–23
(4,025)
#118 · 2023–25
(5,213)
Speakers
Narratives
States
Alabama
(3,760)
Alaska
(378)
American Samoa
(74)
Arizona
(2,729)
Arkansas
(815)
California
(13,255)
Colorado
(3,292)
Connecticut
(2,166)
Delaware
(777)
District of Columbia
(91)
Florida
(5,115)
Georgia
(2,255)
Guam
(150)
Hawaii
(1,141)
Idaho
(911)
Illinois
(7,813)
Indiana
(1,829)
Iowa
(3,082)
Kansas
(1,441)
Kentucky
(2,186)
Louisiana
(1,479)
Maine
(866)
Maryland
(2,484)
Massachusetts
(6,706)
Michigan
(3,502)
Minnesota
(3,036)
Mississippi
(1,472)
Missouri
(1,897)
Montana
(695)
Nebraska
(979)
Nevada
(1,790)
New Hampshire
(1,052)
New Jersey
(3,880)
New Mexico
(1,249)
New York
(12,775)
North Carolina
(2,171)
North Dakota
(1,049)
Ohio
(3,811)
Oklahoma
(1,167)
Oregon
(1,805)
Pennsylvania
(4,319)
Puerto Rico
(71)
Rhode Island
(1,258)
South Carolina
(1,456)
South Dakota
(948)
Tennessee
(2,003)
Texas
(10,502)
Utah
(1,745)
Vermont
(2,096)
Virgin Islands
(108)
Virginia
(1,659)
Washington
(2,095)
West Virginia
(1,376)
Wisconsin
(2,820)
Wyoming
(1,634)
About
State
Massachusetts
6,706 immigration mentions from MA legislators across 76 sessions
← Overview
Sentiment over time
Negative and positive sentiment % among immigration mentions from Massachusetts legislators
Smooth
Stereotyping rate
Share of immigration mentions flagged for stereotyping, from Massachusetts legislators
Smooth
Target groups over time
Most-referenced immigrant groups by Massachusetts legislators, per session
Smooth
Immigrants General
Refugees
Undocumented Immigrants
Specific Other
Jewish
Chinese
Naturalized Citizens
Irish
Asian
European
Latin American
Italian
Mexican
Polish
Middle Eastern
German
African
Slavic
Framing categories over time
Rhetorical framing of immigration mentions from Massachusetts legislators
Smooth
Legal / procedural
Humanitarian
Victim
Economic contributor
Economic threat
Security threat
Family values
Cultural enrichment
Criminal
Cultural threat
historical
economic_enrichment
economic_incentive
moral_issue
Mention volume
Total immigration mentions from Massachusetts legislators, per session