Target Group

Muslim

108 mentions across 14 congressional sessions
Includes mentions classified as: muslim americans, muslim communities, muslim community, muslim families, muslim immigrant, muslim immigrants, muslim persons, muslim refugees, muslims

Partisan sentiment over time

Share of muslim mentions by sentiment, per session — stratified by party

Partisan stereotyping rate

Share of muslim mentions flagged as stereotyping, stratified by party

Framing categories over time

Share of muslim mentions by rhetorical framing, per congressional session

Security threat Legal / procedural Humanitarian Cultural threat Victim Cultural enrichment

Mentions over time

Muslim mentions per 1,000 speeches analyzed, per session — stacked by party

Geographic distribution

Total muslim mentions by state, 1873–2025

All mentions

Every classified paragraph mentioning muslim across all sessions (108 total)

Filter:
Text excerpt Session Classification Framing Speaker