Target Group

Soviet Jew

4,972 mentions across 43 congressional sessions
Includes mentions classified as: jewish refusenik, jewish refusenik community, jewish refuseniks, refusenik, refusenik community, refusenik families, refusenik family, refuseniks, russian jew, russian jews, soviet jewish, soviet jewish citizen, soviet jewish citizens, soviet jewish communities, soviet jewish community, soviet jewish dissident, soviet jewish dissidents, soviet jewish emigrant, soviet jewish emigrants, soviet jewish emigres, soviet jewish families, soviet jewish family, soviet jewish immigrant, soviet jewish immigrants, soviet jewish individuals, soviet jewish intellectuals, soviet jewish leaders, soviet jewish man, soviet jewish minority, soviet jewish people, soviet jewish population, soviet jewish refugees, soviet jewish woman, soviet jewry, soviet jews, soviet jews refugees, soviet refusenik, soviet refusenik families, soviet refusenik family, soviet refusenik women, soviet refuseniks

Partisan sentiment over time

Share of soviet jew mentions by sentiment, per session — stratified by party

Partisan stereotyping rate

Share of soviet jew mentions flagged as stereotyping, stratified by party

Framing categories over time

Share of soviet jew mentions by rhetorical framing, per congressional session

Humanitarian Victim Legal / procedural Economic contributor Family values Cultural enrichment

Mentions over time

Soviet Jew mentions per 1,000 speeches analyzed, per session — stacked by party

Geographic distribution

Total soviet jew mentions by state, 1873–2025

All mentions

Every classified paragraph mentioning soviet jew across all sessions (4,972 total)

Filter:
Text excerpt Session Classification Framing Speaker