Target Group

Hmong

174 mentions across 22 congressional sessions
Includes mentions classified as: hmong american, hmong american citizens, hmong americans, hmong children, hmong citizens, hmong community, hmong immigrant, hmong immigrants, hmong people, hmong refugee families, hmong refugees, hmong veterans, hmongs

Partisan sentiment over time

Share of hmong mentions by sentiment, per session — stratified by party

Partisan stereotyping rate

Share of hmong mentions flagged as stereotyping, stratified by party

Framing categories over time

Share of hmong mentions by rhetorical framing, per congressional session

Humanitarian Legal / procedural Victim Economic contributor Family values Cultural enrichment

Mentions over time

Hmong mentions per 1,000 speeches analyzed, per session — stacked by party

Geographic distribution

Total hmong mentions by state, 1873–2025

All mentions

Every classified paragraph mentioning hmong across all sessions (174 total)

Filter:
Text excerpt Session Classification Framing Speaker