Target Group

Afghan

597 mentions across 22 congressional sessions
Includes mentions classified as: afghan children, afghan children refugees, afghan citizens, afghan families, afghan immigrant, afghan nationals, afghan people, afghan refugee, afghan refugee children, afghan refugee population, afghan refugee women, afghan refugees, afghan women, afghans, afghans refugees

Partisan sentiment over time

Share of afghan mentions by sentiment, per session — stratified by party

Partisan stereotyping rate

Share of afghan mentions flagged as stereotyping, stratified by party

Framing categories over time

Share of afghan mentions by rhetorical framing, per congressional session

Humanitarian Victim Legal / procedural Security threat Economic threat Economic contributor

Mentions over time

Afghan mentions per 1,000 speeches analyzed, per session — stacked by party

Geographic distribution

Total afghan mentions by state, 1873–2025

All mentions

Every classified paragraph mentioning afghan across all sessions (597 total)

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Text excerpt Session Classification Framing Speaker