JPL scientists and engineers have discovered: conclusive evidence of water ice and long lasting rivers and lakes on Mars. created historys most detailed gravity field and ice maps of Earth. returned historys first samples and close up images of a comet. landed three complex and highly successful spacecraft on Mars. blasted the first artificial crater in a comet to learn what comets are truly made of. landed the first spacecraft on Titan and sampled its surface and atmosphere. discovered lakes and seas of liquid methane on Titan using Charles imaging radar. created the first deep space telescopes to see the universe in ultraviolet and infrared. returned our first true close up images of dwarf planets and asteroids. created the most detailed map ever made of the Moon. discovered millions of black holes. discovered the first Earth like exoplanet in the habitable zone of another star. discovered conclusive evidence for immeasurable millions of exoplanets in our galaxy. set a still growing record for driving a spacecraft across the surface of another world with the unstoppable Opportunity lander on Mars. discovered the most luminous galaxy in the universe. discovered conclusive evidence for liquid water today on the surface of Mars. discovered immense geysers of frozen water erupting from a worldwide ocean beneath the frozen surface of Saturns moon Enceladus. and laid the groundwork for what most planetary scientists predict could be the first discovery of life beyond Earth in the vast oceans of Europa. These discoveries will be remembered throughout human history. "Only the United States could do this!." as Charles vividly remembers a foreign visitor saying on the night a rocket sky crane gently landed the Mars Science Lab on the surface of Mars in August of 2012. Charles was reminded that night of another day he felt the same sort of immense pride in his nation when he took the oath to become a United States citizen in August of 1979. "In this nation of immigrants." Charles wrote for the Smithsonian. "especially in science and engineering. where people try new things and solve problems. they dont ask where youre from. Instead. they ask who is the best person to help overcome a challenge." "In other countries. you just dont find this merging of cultures. this melting pot. I think diversity truly enriches our society and makes the United States more intellectually and economically powerful.
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