It also said that using fixedwing aircraft and helicopters would be a violation of the provisional ceasefire. Whatever protection such prohibitions provided American forces. they also made it easier for the angry and disgruntled remnants of Saddams forces to march on Baghdad. The Shiites were soon Joined by the Kurdish population in the North. Massoud Barzani. head of the Kurdish Democratic Party. with large numbers of trained fighters under his command. first hesitated. He did not want a repetition of August 1988. when Iraq used chemical weapons against the Kurds. Untold numbers died then and 100.000 refugees fled to Turkey. where most of them remain. With the U.S. statements forbidding much Iraqi military activity. Mr.
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refugees