A Canadian .by birth. he served as a chaplain with the Canadian Forces in World War I. After being a resident of the United States for many years. he applied for citizenship. His application was denied in 1931 for refusal to pledge to bear arms in war. Fifteen years later. the rule under which his application was denied was overturned. by the Supreme Court in Girouard against United States. By then. however. Dr. MacIntosh had suffered an incapacitating stroke and could not renew his petition for naturalization. He died soon after without receiving citizenship. The right of conscientious objection had beenlong established prior to World War I.
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naturalization