Lithuania was declared a member republic of the U.S.S.R. by the Supreme Soviet in Moscow. During the initial Soviet occupation. Lithuania suffered the loss of 45.000 people. most of whom were deported to Siberia. and some were executed when the Soviet forces retreated before the invading Germans. During the German occupation. a policy of colonization brought several thousand German families to settle in Lithuania. Almost all Lithuanian Jews were executed or deported to concentration camps by the Nazis. Lithuania was recaptured by the Red Army in 1944 and was closed off. along with the other Baltic republics of Latvia and Estonia. from the other Soviet republics as well as the rest of the world. Freedom of movement for outsiders is still largely restricted to the capital of Vilnius.
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