Rails and other supplies for the Central Pacific were shipped around Cape Horn. ties for the Union Pacific were hauled across hundreds of miles of treeless prairie. Locomotives were hauled across the ice of the yet unbridged Missouri River. Horses. scrapers. hand shovels. pickaxes. and black powder were the most modem tools available in this nonmechanized era. Union Pacific crews. mostly made up of Irish immigrants. pushed across the plains and Chinese laborers of the Central Pacific tunneled and laid track across the high Sierras of California and across Nevada toward Promontory. After the Civil War. freed slaves and former soldiers from both sides were added to the work crews. In Utah.
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immigrants