In addition. the Ukrainian Catholic Church possessed a great number of cultural centers. primary and secondary schools. institutes. publishing houses. libraries. welfare and aid associations. orphanages. student and youth leagues. and societies. All these were ruthlessly destroyed in 194546 by the Soviet government. which simply put the Ukrainian Catholic Church outside the law. All the bishops were deported and tried in secret trials as "enemies of the people." Of all the ten Ukrainian Catholic Bishops. only one survived. The brutal destruction of the Catholic Church in Ukraine was deeply deplored by Pope Pius XII in his encyclical Orientales Omnes Ecclesias (December 23. 1945) and later. In Orientales Ecclesias (December 15.
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deported