Despite its heroic struggle. the last remnants of the government of the Ukrainian National Republic were forced into exile in November 1920. marking the close of another chapter in the Ukraines pursuit of national independence. In 1922 certain prohibitions against the cultivation of the Ukrainian culture and language were relaxed. As in previous instances. this official thaw immediately germinated a renaissance of literature and the other arts. But in 1926. these awakened hopes were again brutally shattered. Stalins policy of centralization and industrialization demanded that the independent peasantry of the Ukraine collectivize their farmlands. Those who resisted were deported. When these methods failed to break the opposition. Stalin imposed new and harsh delivery quotas upon villages and removed grain stores from Ukraine. provoking an intense famine which ravaged the country and depopulated whole villages.
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deported