Those decisions have brought about widespread criticism that the Supreme Court has been indulging in judicial legislation. H.R. 3 does not. as indeed it cannot. validate invalid State laws. Thus a Federal act is supreme in any field involving exclusive Federal power. Examples of such fields of Federal power are foreign relations. war. naturalization. coinage. bankruptcy. post office and postal legislation. and so forth. Article 1 of section 10 of the Constitution specifically denies certain powers to the several States. Any State legislation involving these broad fields of Federal power would. of course. be completely unconstitutional and null and void.
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