It will be noted that there are three exceptions in section 3. It will also be noted that the language which I have asked to have stricken out. with regard to the particular section that refers to those who are seeking these shores for the purpose of escaping religious persecution. applies only to this particular section. It gives to the immigration officer the power of determnining to his satisfaction whether or not the person is fleeing from religious persecution. It puts upon the immigrant the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that he is so doing. Since the determination of the case of Ju Toy. the Chinese exclusion case. the courts have held that immigration officers who had this power committed to them acted with absolute and complete authority. such authority that the courts themselves could not interfere with it. The case of the United States v. Ju Toy (S1.9 U.
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Chinese exclusion immigration immigrant