A captain could take a pilot or not take one. just as he pleased. The pilots made regulations to suit themselves. and were held to no accountability for neglect of duty. Captain and pilot each took advantage of the other as the exigencies of the situation admitted. So things went along until 1853. Now. mark the sequel. In that year the ship New Era appeared off the New Jersey coast with a load of immigrants from Antwerp. Its captain was hailed by a pilot. but refused to take one. He declared that. even if it did take him until next day. he was fully capable of piloting his own ship into the harbor.
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immigrants