The Macron campaign was subject to cyber attacks with
emails from President Macron during the campaign. They were released
shortly before the runoff election, but France was prepared, and they
were able to counter that. The French Government worked with
independent media and political parties to expose and blunt the
dissemination of fake news. In Germany, we saw the famous ``Lisa case'' that was fabricated by
Russian-sponsored news outlets in order to incite the Russian-German
community for an anti-migrant-type protest. The German Government
bolstered democratic cyber security capabilities, particularly after
the 2015 hack of the Bundestag, and the Interior Minister proposed
creating a Center of Defense Against Misinformation. Germany has acted.