The purpose of the language is simply to make clear that. under U.S. law. our trade agreements do not have "direct effect" and are not "selfexecuting." meaning that domestic laws and regulations need to be amended to give effect to any obligation in an international agreement. Implementing bills typically make changes to U.S. tariff laws to comply with the tariff obligations of trade agreements. but some implementing bills make more substantial. behindtheborder changes to U.S. laws to comply with the obligations in our trade agreements. That has been true of changes to U.S. patent laws and changes to the Immigration and Nationality Act. With all of these concerns in mindand. above all. my determination to do everything I can to get TPP in shape to garner broad. bipartisan support in Congressthe Ways and Means Democrats offered a substitute amendment during the markup of the TPA bill. That amendment. the Right Track for TPP Act. includes negotiating instructions. not merely "negotiating objectives" like the TPA bill. on each of the 12 major outstanding issues. some of which I have described earlier.
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