While illegal transshipment is always a concem. they again overstate the case. The bill contains strong provisions to prevent illegal transshipment. SubSaharan African countries will enjoy duty- and quotafree treatment only after they demonstrate that they have effective visa systems in place to guard against transshipments and counterfeit documents. The bill directs the U.S. Customs Service to monitor and report annually to Congress on the operation of those systems. It also penalizes those who circumvent the visa systems. Exporters who illegaly transship goods will lose dutyfree benefits for two years. H.R. 1432 is a welcome change in U.S. policy that views SubSaharan countries as potential partners and not simply aid recipients.