Madison believed that the prospects for peace with both countries were good in part because of each countrys dependence upon the service of the United States. The Peace of Amiens put a brief stop to the European war. and during this relief. the United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France in 1803. The European war resumed in 1803. and American commerce and seamen were once again subjected to losses and aggression by both countries. American seamenmany of whom were deserters of British ships. naturalized American citizens still considered British subjects by the Crown. or native Americanswere captured and forced to serve in the Royal Navy. Britain and France invoked several orders which continued to disrupt American trade and commercial shipping. As Secretary of State.
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