Italys first postwar Foreign Minister. declared then that this act. establishing that we were "friends not enemies." saved the lives of countless American soldiersand Italians. toowhen the Allies landed in Italy to drive out the Nazis. Incidentally. Randolpho Pacciardi. the leader of the refugee antiFascist Italians in America during the war. and Italys postwar Minister of Defense. arranged for me to be awarded the Star of Solidarity by the Italian Government in 1946. The award should have gone to Joe Facci. No one could have done all this better than a man who had been an Italian soldier in World War I and a prisoner of war. and who was then one of the first to take up the struggle against the Fascists.