However. international law also recognizes broader criminal jurisdiction based on the protective principle. Under this principle. if the alleged crime occurs in a foreign country. a nation may still exercise jurisdiction over the defendant if the crime has a potential adverse effect upon its security or the operation of its governmental functions. This basis for jurisdiction over crimes committed outside the United States has been applied by the Federal courts in contexts ranging from drug smuggling to perjury. Pizzarusso 388 F.2d 8 (perjury on a visa application). Rivard v. United States. 375 F.2d 882 (5th Cir.) cert. denied sub nom.