Many live in constant fear. Those Jewish scientists who had been dismissed from their positions within universities Pnd research facilities or expelled from the prestigious Soviet Academy of Sciences used to form study sessions to stay current within their research and to keep In touch with the scientific publications of the world. They did this so that If they were granted a visa to leave. they could again obtain a professional appointment--and simply out of commitment to learning. Recently participants have been harassed. material confiscated and study sessions disbanded. But the situation is even more serious when we consider the magnitude of the new Soviet persecution of the Jews.