Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom." After the essay was circulated in the underground press at home. and published widely abroadSakharovs security clearance was abruptly withdrawn. As Sakharov became more and more involved with dissidents. he signed countless petitions for political prisoners. arrested intellectuals and ethnic and religious minorities. He soon became a champion of the Jewish emigration movement and a staunch supporter" of the JacksonVanik amendment in the U.S. Congress. For this. he suffered KGB harassment. searches of his apartment. persecution of his family. detainment and at times even physical abuse. In 1975. Sakharov was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. but characteristically the Kremlin denied him the exit visa to accept the honor. His wife. Yelena. under treatment at the time in Italy for an eye operation. accepted the prize for him.
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emigration visa