Nine Jews and two Christians were the criminals of the first Leningrad trial. Their crimes were keeping typewriters in their homes. owning books with the word "Jew" in them. and possessing letters from relatives in Israel. Thereafter. the U.S.S.R. undertook a systematic plan to silence and intimidate Jews seeking to emigrate to Israel. despite the fact that the right to emigrate is guaranteed by Soviet anC international law. Recently. Mark Nashpits and Boris Tsitlionik were arrested and sentenced to 5 years in exile for demonstrating on behalf of Soviet Jewish prisoners of conscience. including those convicted in the Leningrad trials of 1970.
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