Today questions are raised about the place of the voluntary agency. and especially about the sectarian agencies. To know the history of Jewish child care is to understand the vital importance of the volunteer citizens role in protecting children. and the value of widespread volunteer participation in child welfare policymaking. Through massive waves of immigration. through wars and depressions. the civicminded leaders who headed New Yorks Jewish orphanages successfully met the most difficult challenge of allthe challenge of change. Their accomplishments were remarkable. They developed one of the first cottage plan childrens institutions in the United States. the Pleasantville Cottage School in Westchester County. described in 1912 by the director of the Child Helping Department of the Russell Sage Foundation as "undoubtedly the best equipped institution for children in the world." Child care workers from Europe and America came to study it. and within 5 years three new institutions were built on identical patterns.
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immigration