Finally. nationwide application may be reasonably thought appropri- t ate when Congress acts against an evil such as racial discrimination which in varying degrees manifests itself in every part of the country. A remedy for racial discrimination which applies in all the States underlines an awareness that the problem is a national one and reflects a national commitment to its solution. Because the justification for extending the ban on literacy tests to the entire Nation need not turn on whether literacy tests unfairly discriminate against Negroes in every State in the Union. Congress was not required to make statebystate findings concerning either the equality of educational opportunity or actual impact of literacy requirements on the Negro citizens access to the ballot box. In the interests of uniformity.
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literacy tests