IV. 196568)-which provides in effect. that no person who has successfully completed the sixth primary grade in a Puerto Rican school where the language of instruction was Spanish shall be denied the right to vote in any Federal. State. or local election because of the inability to read or write English. The recognized purpose and effect of section 4(e) was to give the right to vote to thousands of Spanishspeaking citizens who had moved to New York from Puerto Rico. but were barred from voting by New Yorks English literacy tests. The Supreme Court held that section 4(e) was an appropriate exercise of congressional power under section 5 of the 14th amendment for the enforcement of the equal protection clause. That is all it held.
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literacy tests