Speech #880211569

There were no efforts of any sort to influence and mitigate the full force of indignation against offenders. As a result. the principle of trial by jury was reinforced. although the contrast between Debs 10year sentence for pacifism and Vallandighams brief banishment for real sedition may indicate that popular juries are often more severe in periods of crisis than is an apparently arbitrary executive. During the Second World War. the most conspicuous violation of the right to trial by jury was the deportation of the American citizens of Japanese origin from the west coast. A preventive measure devised in good faith by the President as a military necessity in case of Japanese invasion. the deportation was upheld as constitutional by the Supreme Court. In ex parte Endo. however. the Court held that a JapaneseAmerican citizen whose loyalty had been proven could not be detained. The Supreme Court did not. however. uphold the lengthy imposition of martial law in Hawaii.