It has taken some dramatic turns which have helped in shaping the future of the United Nations and has affected the course of American foreign policy. This story begins in the 19th century with the efforts of Theodore Herzl. a Viennese journalist. who was so successful in organizing an international movement which resulted in the first Zionist Congress at Basle. Switzerland. in 1897 and grew into the world Zionist movement. which purchased land in Palestine and arranged for the immigration of the Jews into that area. In the early 19th century many immigrants came from Eastern Europe and from Russia where the czarist rulers pursued a notoriously merciless policy of persecution. By 1909 the city of Tel Aviv was established on the shores of the Mediterranean and the first kibbutz was started at Degania. The institution of the kibbutz is one of the rare instances of a utopian model for community development which has proved sound and workable in practice.
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