Fermi began his investigations into the nuclei of atoms. which led to world recognition in 1938. and to a Nobel prize in physics that year. After going to Stockholm. Sweden. to receive the prize. Dr. Fermi chose not to return to his native Italy. because of his dislikes for the Facist government then in power. and instead. with his family. came to our shores. To me it is most significant. to me it is an indication of the greatness of our country. that this refugee scientist now receives the first Presidentapproved award for work in atomic energy. After coming to our land. Dr.