Congress decreed an 8hour day with 10 hours pay for empioyees in the transportation industry. This increased compensation of 121 per cent per hour was not paid out of the United States Treasury. but was ultimately passed on to the public. thus diverting into the pockets of railway operatives a portion of the national income which they could not have otherwise enjoyed and thereby decreasing the net income of others. Restrictiou of immigration has similarly operated to the advantage of labor through the elimination of immigrant competition..thereby affecting the distribution of the national income. In 1920 the railroads appealed to Congress for a larger portion of the Nations income. The EschCummins law was the result. decreeing the maximum rates fixed by the Interstate Commerce Commission as minimum rates also.
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