As will be seen from the following cases. the courts have recognized and frequently stated in their opinions that the decisions of administrative or executive officers on questions of fact and the construction and application of the law are judicial in their nature. They do not however. exercise any of the "judicial power of the United States " conferred on the courts by the Constitution. The following cases arising out of decisions of the Land Office. the Commissioner of Immigration. the Postmaster General. the collector of customs. show the administrative officers or heads of the respective departments have for years exercised quasi judicial powers or performed acts Judicial In their nature. and the courts have upheld them. (Vance v. Burbank. 101 U. S.. 514. 519.) The decision by the Land Office on a question of fact. although in the nature of ajudicial determination. was binding upon the parties and final. (U.
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Immigration