Commerce in this case was affected but locally and in the other cases fundamentally. and they were cases where Congress had acted. but the logic of those opinions. if carried out. perhaps might have suggested a different decision in the Blackbird Creek case. "Then came the case of New York v. Miln (11 Pet.. 102). which held that a law requiring masters of vessels to make a report of the name. place of birth. etc.. of every person brought as a passenger unto the State of New York from other States or foreign countries. was constitutional. being the exercise of police power and not in any way regulating commerce. The court practically said in its dicta that the police power in the State Is not limited or confined by the power of the National Government in regard to interstate commerce. but the facts of that case were simply this: " The law required that masters should make a report of the passengers that came in as to who they were. so that the State might have some record in regard to Immigration and might protect itself against pauper immigration. and the judges in deciding that case heldand it seems to me rightfullythat the act in question was in no way an interference with interstate commerce nor could be considered to really touch interstate commerce at all. that it was simply a regulation of a matter local entirely and not interstate or foreign. " Then came the License cases (5 How.. 504). In the License cases it was held that certain regulations of the States of New Hampshire. Massachusetts. and Rhode Island requiring a license to sell liquors imported from another State were valid.
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