Coincident with this change of attitude. Russia began to read into the treaty Ideas that were never entertained by the representatives of the two countries that negotiated it. and which are at variance with the fundamental rights of expatriation. and religious freedom. This country has written into its statute law that the right of expatriation is a natural and inherent right of all people. indispensable to the enjoyment of the rights of life. liberty. and the pursuit of happiness. and that all naturalized citizens of the United States while in foreign countries. are entitled to. and shall receive from this Government. the same protection of persons and property which is accorded to nativeborn citizens. Russia however has never admitted the right of expatriation on the part of its subjects. but has constantly maintained that a Russian subject who becomes a citizen of another country without the consent of the Russian Government. is deemed to have "committed an offense for which he Is liable to* arrest and punishment. if he returns without having previously obtained the permission of the Russian Government." One view is the view of despotism. the view of a country which has never realized that the citizen has any inherent and inalienable rights. the other is the view of a country which is the sturdiest champion. and the most conspicuous exponent of these rights. That portion of the treaty which determines the reciprocal rights of intercourse of the citizens of the signatory countries. is in the following terms: There shall be between the territories of the high contracting parties. a reciprocal iiberty of commerce and navigation.
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naturalized