Imposts. and excises. to pay the debts and provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. but all duties. Imposts. and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States." � Another clause gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with Ju E 7. foreign nations. and among the several States. and with the Indian tribes. Another clause gives it the power to establish a uniform rule of naturalization. and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies throughout the United States. One clause of section 9 declares that "no capitation or other direct tax shall be laid. unless in proportion to the census or enumeration hereinbefore directed to be taken." Another clause declares that " no tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any State." And still another declares that "no preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another." The power of laying duties. etc.. conferred by the first clause above quoted. has been held to refer exclusively to the taxing power. and not to the power to regulate commerce. (Gibbons v. Ogden. 9 Wheat.. 1.) The chief question. then. is whether a bill which. for a particular purpose and in a particular emergency. is believed by Congress to be one promotive of the " general welfare of the United States." and which proposes in substance to remit the "duties. imposts. and excises" upon a particular class of property designed for particular use. and which the bill authorizes to be brought into any port of the United States. by any citizen of the United States. for that object. is in conflict with the provision that "all duties.
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naturalization