The act of 1882 was to carry out the treaty of 1880. Then came the act of 1888. If the treaty referred to in the act of 1888 as then pending had been ratified. it would have superseded the treaty of 1880. because it contained a prohibition of immigration from China to the United States. But it said: That from and after the date of the exchange of ratifications of the pending treaty * * * it shall be unlawful for any Chinese person. whether a subject of China or of any other power. to enter the United States. except as hereinafter provided. But the ratifications never were exchanged.
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immigration