He must have meant the promise which turned to perfidy. the perfidious violation of plighted faith. the promise made to the ear and broken to the hope. the bitterness of soul which arises from confidence betrayed and expectations thwarted. Mr. President. these things tend to excite the human mind and exasperate the human soul and lead to bloodshed and disturbance not only in the Asiatic territory but in the territory inhabited anywhere with people having the motives and aspirations and the characteristics of humanity. Mr. President. our troubles in the Philippine Islands are not due to the fact that promises were made.