Speech #560013853

IV. see. 4.) All debts. etc.. shall be valid against the United States. (Art. VI. subs.1.) Treaties made. etc.. under the authority of the United States. (Art. VI. subs. 2.) Court of the United States. (Seventh amendment.) The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution. (Tenth amendment.) Suit commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State. etc. (Eleventh amendment.) All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof. etc. (Fourteenth amendment.) Public debt of the United States. (Fourteenth amendment. sec. 4.) Neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay. etc. (Fourteenth amendment. sec. 4.) Insurrection or rebellion against the United States. (Fourteenth amendment. see. 4.) Shall not be denied or abridged by the United States. (Fifteenth amendment. sec. 1.) Examining these with reference to the context. it will be found that in all of them. with the possible exception of three. the term "United States" has the same meaning as in the preamble. or is used as the name of the sovereignty or nation created by the Constitution and made up of the several States united under it in the Federal Union. or. in other words. to designate the Federal sovereign. and can have no other meaning. These three are the following: "Throughout the United States." "Within the United States." and"All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof." Now. it would seem that it would have to be presumed that if. as we have seen. the term "United States." as used in the preamble and in all the other phrases in the Constitution. has one or the other of the two meanings above given. to wit. (1) collective or United States. (2) Federal sovereign. it would also have one or the other of those two meanings as used inthese three phrases. And but for what has been said by the judges of the Supreme Court in certain of their opinions. I hardly think there would be any question as to the conclusiveness of this presumption.