They corrupted the administration of justice. degraded the judiciary. defeated the execution of the laws. subverted for the time being in New York State the essential principles of popular government. robbed the people of that great State of their rightful choice of electors of President and VicePresident. of a governor. and other officers. disgraced the most prosperous city of the Union. encouraged the enemies of republican government here and elsewhere to deride our institutions as a failure. and endangered the peace of the Republic by an attempt to defeat the will of the people in the choice of their rulers. Numerous examples of fraud and violence are then given. and the report contains this summary: in view of all the facts it is safe to estimate that the total fraudulent and illegal votes cast in the State of New York at the election in November. 1868. were not less than and probably exceeded 50.000 votes. (Page 64.) Such was the last Presidential election conducted in New York City exclusively under State supervision. Following close upon these events the law now in question was passed by Congress authorizing the appointment of Federal supervisors to observe and report upon naturalization. registration. and voting. Eight years pass. A committee of which the Hon.
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naturalization