On the 28th of July. 1868. the first day after the approval by the President of the act to which I have referred. a treaty was signed between China and the United States. and in that treaty. in article 5. I find this language: ARTIcLE V. The United States of America and the Emperor of China cordially recognize the inherent and inalienable right of man to change his home and allegiance. and also the mutual advantage of the free migration and emigration of their citizens and subjects respectively from the one country to the other for the purposgsof curiosity of trade. or as permanent residents. The high contracting parties therefore join in reprobating any other than an entirely voluntary emigration for these purposes. They consequently agree to pass laws making it a penal offense for a citizen of the United States or Chinese subjects to take Chinese subjects either to the United States or to any other foreign country. or for a Chinese subject or citizen of the United States to take citizens of the United States to China or to any other foreign country without their free and voluntary consent. respectively. That was the doctrine upon which the United States and China stood side by side and hand in hand on the 28th day of July.
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emigration