Cruikshank. 92 United States. 542. referring to these cases. and we do not well see how the doctrine they contain can be controverted. A variety of instances may be readily suggested. in which it would be necessary or proper to apply It. Suppose. for example. a State judge having powver under the naturalization laws to admit aliens to citizenship should utter false certificates of naturalization. can it be doubted that he could he indicted under the act of Congress providing penalties for that offense. even though he might also. underthe State laws. be indictable for forgery as well as liable to impeachment? So. if Congress. as It might. should pass a law fixing the standard of weights and mcasuresand imposing a penalty for sealing false weights and false measures. hut leaving to the States the matter of inspecting and scaling those used by the people. would not an offender. filling the office of scaler under a State law. he amenable to the United States as well as to the State ? If the officers of election. in election of lRepresentatives. owe a duty to the United States and are amenable to that Government as well as to theStateas we think they re--tuen. according to the cases just cited. there is no reason why each should not establish sanctions for the performance of the duty owed to itself. though referring to the same act.
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naturalization